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Zinc Hydroxystannate (ZHS) is used as a Flame-retardant and Smoke-suppressant. ZHS acts as a flame retardant by releasing water vapor and stannic oxide (SnO₂) at elevated temperatures. The water vapor cools the flame, while SnO₂ forms a protective char layer on the polymer surface, preventing further combustion. ZHS reduces smoke production during the combustion of polymers by promoting char formation and inhibiting the release of toxic gases. Applications of ZHS are as follows:
 
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): ZHS improves flame retardancy and reduces smoke production. It is widely used in wire and cable insulation, flooring, and roofing materials
Polyolefins (PE, PP): Acts as a flame retardant synergist when combined with other systems like metal hydroxides or halogenated additives
Elastomers: Enhances fire safety in rubber-based applications, including conveyor belts, hoses, and seals
Epoxy Resins and Polyesters: Used in coatings, adhesives, and composite materials to improve fire resistance
In non-halogenated formulations, ZHS is combined with other synergists like aluminium hydroxide (ATH) or magnesium hydroxide (MDH) to achieve effective flame retardancy